(White Flower)
Hace mucho tiempo había una reina tan hermosa como vanidosa. Tenía esta reina una hijita llamada Blanca Flor.
Blanca Flor era tambien muy bella y su hermosura aumentaba segun iba creciendo. La reina, para satisfacer su vanidad, tenía un espejo mágico que consultaba diariamente preguntándole siempre, -¿Quíen es la mujer más hermosa del mundo?- A lo cual contestaba el espejo: - Tú, solo tú. Pasaron los años y creció Blanca Flor, siendo cada día más hermosa. Un día la reina hizo su pregunta acostumbrada al espejo, pero éste le contestó: -Blanca Flor. La reina azorada por la contestación volvió a preguntar:- Espejo, ¿quién es la mujer más hermosa del mundo? Llamó la reina a uno de sus criados que en otras ocasiones le había ayudado en sus maldades, y que le era muy fiel, y le dijo: - Juán, es necesario matar a Blanca Flor. -¡Pero Majestad!.. dijo el criado verdaderamente sorprendido. -¡Ni una palabra más! exclamó la reina. -Mañana temprano quiero que to lleves a Blanca Flor al bosque y allí la mates. Quiero que me traigas pruebas de que me has obedecido. Al día siguiete Juán invitó a Blanca Flor al bosque a cortar flores. Mientras caminaban, Juán, lleno de compansión, admiraba la belleza angelical de la princesita y no pudiendo soportar aquel martirio que sentía le dijo a Blanca Flor: - Mi princesa, tu madre quiere deshacerse de ti y me ha ordenado que te mate aquí en el bosque. No puedo hacerlo porque tu siempre has sido muy beuna conmigo. Sin embargo, si regreso al palacio sin pruebas de que he cumplido su orden, la reina me mandara matar. Blanca Flor caminaba tristemente sin responder, pero luego Juán le dijo: - Dame algunas de tus ropas. Voy a matar un conejo y empapando tu ropa con su sangre se la llevaré a la reina. Cuando estuvo todo preparado, le dijo el criado a la princesita: - Ahora, vete con Dios. Blanca Flor agradeció al criado lo que había hecho y se fué caminando hasta internarse en el espeso bosque. Llegó la noche y Blanca Flor tenía miedo que las fieras le fueran a matar. De repente vió una lucecita entre los árboles. Corrió hacia ella y pronto llegó a una choza. Tocó a la puerta pero nadie contestó. Abrió la puerta y entró. Ante sus ojos estaba una mesa bien servida. Blanca Flor tenís tanta hambre que primero comió y despues le dió gracias a Dios. Ya estando satisfecha, se acurrucó junto a la estufa y se quedó dormida. La choza que había encontrado Blanca Flor pertenecía a unos ladrones. En la madrugada llegaron los ladrones a su casa y cual sería su sorprésa al ver a Blanca Flor dormida junto a la estufa. Al ruido que hicieron los ladrones Blanca Flor despertó. - No temas, niña,- dijo el jefe de los ladrones, - no te haremos ningún daño. Estos ladrones eran buenos de coraón, ya que robaban para ayudar a la gente pobre. Blanca Flor viendo que los bandoleros eran gente realmente de buen corazón, les contó lo que le pasaba. - Te puedes quedar aqui con nosotros,- dijo el jefe de los bandidos,- Nosotros ya sabíamos lo malvado que es tu madre. Pero, ten cuidado, que si sabe la reina que aun estas sana y salva, te seguirá hasta que logre deshacerse de ti. Mientras esto sucedía a Blanca Flor, el criado Juán había llegado al palacio. Allí le mostró a la reina la ropa de Blanca Flor que había ensangrentado con la sangre del conejito. La reina se llenó de júbilo y colmó a Juán de bienes. Esa noche al acostarse, la vanidosa reina consultó su espejo mágico. - Espejo mágico, ¿quién es la mujer más hermosa del mundo? - Tu hija Blanca Flor, contesto el espejo. Sorprendida y llena de rabia, a reina ordenó a sus soldados que fueran a traer a Juán. - Juán,- dijo le reina, -me has mentido. Blanca Flor vive. - Pero Majestad......., empezó a decir Juán, y la reina sin dejar que terminara de hablar, se lanzó encolerizada sobre él matándolo de una puñalada. Esa noche la reina no durmió pensando como hacer para encontrar a Blanca Flor y deshacerse de ella. Al día siguiente se disfrazó la reina con ropas muy humildes, desfigurándose el rostro con ungüentos y cambiando su fisionomía de tal modo que nadie pudo reconocerla. En un estuche de plata, hermosamente labrado, colocó un collar de oro al que le había untado una preparación que haría que la persona que se lo colocara al cuello caería en un sueño semejante a la muerte. Salió la reina al camino y pronto se internó en el bosque buscando a Blanca Flor. Por fín llegó a la choza de los bandoleros. Blanca Flor que se encontraba sola en la choza, oyó que tocaron a la puerta, se asomó a la ventana y vió a una viejecita que al parecer era buena y amable. Corrió y le abrió la puerta. - Niña, dijo la reina malvada, - quisiera que me socorrieras y me dieras un vaso de agua. Ando muy cansada y tengo mucha sed. - Pase, señora, contestó Blanca Flor, apresurándose a traerle el agua a la vieja. Esta tomó el agua y dándole las gracias a Blanca Flor le dijo: - Niña, tengo que partir, pero como has sido tan buena conmigo te voy a regalar este collarcito de oro. - Gracias, señora, dijo Blanca Flor tomando el collar y colocándoselo al cuello. Tan pronto como se abrochó el collar cayó sin sentido al suelo, como si hubiera muerto muerto al instante. Dejando a la niña tendida en el suelo donde había caído, huyó la vieja. Por la noche volvieron los ladrones y encontraron a Blanca Flor tendida, al parever muerta. Hicieron todo cuanto pudieron por revivirla pero todo fué inútil. Decidieron los bandidos hacer un ataud de cristal y en el guardar a Blanca Flor. Colocaron el ataud en una grunta cerca de la choza para así poder visitar a la pobre Blanca flor todos los diás, porque le habían tomado mucho cariño. Pasó el tiempo, y un día que llovía a torrentes, llegó un príncipe a refugiarse del agua en la gruta. Allí vió el ataud de cristal y los criados del príncipe encendieron antorchas y a la luz de ellas pudo ver el príncipe a Blanca Flor, enamorándose de su hermosura. Tambien él creyó que la bella niña estaba muerta y se propuso llevar el ataud a su reino. Así lo ordenó y ya en su reino mandó que se hiciera una capilla donde despositó el staud con Blanca Flor. Un día enfermó el sacristán de la capilla de Blanca Flor, y mandaron otro en su lugar. Este que era muy bribón, al ver el collar que tenía Blanca Flor, decidió robarselo. Le quitó con mucho cuidado el collar a la niña y al instante se escuchó un trueno y Blanca Flor despertó. El hombre sin querer saber más salió corriendo espantado, dando de alaridos. Al oír aquel estrépito, el príncipe corrió a la capilla donde vió a Blanca Flor sentada en su ataud. La niña al verlo se enamoró de él. Le relató Blanca Flor toda su historia y el príncipe indignado mando juntar un ejército y salió a castigar a la madre de la hermosa princesa. Despues Blanca Flor y el príncipe se casaron y vivieron muy felices. |
Long ago there lived a queen who was a beautiful as she was vain. This queen had a little daughter named Blanca Flor who was also very beautiful, and grew more so every day. The queen, to satisfy her vanity, had a magic mirror which she consulted daily, asking it always, "Who is the most beautiful woman in the world?" And the mirror would answer. "You, and you alone." As the years went by, Blanca Flor's beauty increased daily. One day, the queen asked her mirror the usual question, but it answered, "Blanca Flor." The queen, amazed at the mirror's answer, asked again, "Mirror, who is the most beautiful woman in the world?" And the mirror answered again, "Your daughter, Blanca Flor." The queen, who was cruel and spiteful, was angry, and decided to have Blanca Flor killed. She called a trusted servant who had oftentimes carried out her evil orders, and she said to him, "Juan, Blanca Flor must be killed." "But your Majesty...," said the servant in surprise. "Not a word more!" exclaimed the queen. "Tomorrow, early, I want you to take Blanca Flor into the forest and there kill her. I also want proof of your obedience." The next day Juan invited Blanca Flor to cut flowers in the forest. While they walked, Juan was filled with pity for the maiden and, unable to bear the thought of what he had to do to her, he told Blanca Flor all. "My princess, your mother has ordered me to kill you. Since you have always been good and kind to me, I can't harm you. Nevertheless, if I return to the palace without proof of your death, the queen will order my execution. However, I have thought of a way in which we may fool the queen. Give me some of your garments; I will kill a rabbit and with its blood stain them. Then I will take them to the queen." When he had done all this, Juan told Blanca Flor, "Now, go with God." Blanca Flor thanked Juan; then she walked deeper into the forest. As the day came to an end, she began to hear the night creatures stirring. With each step she took, the fear of these beasts increased. Suddenly, she saw a light. Blanca Flor ran towards it and soon came to a grass-thatched hut. The princess knocked on the door but nobody answered. she knocked again; nobody answered. Fear made her open the door and go into the hut, and there in the middle of the room was a table set with food and drink. Blanca Flor was so hungry that, sitting down at the table, she first ate; then gave thanks to God. The food made her drowsy, so she stretched out near the stove and went to sleep. The hut which Blanca Flor had found belonged to a band of robbers. At dawn the highwaymen arrived, and imagine their surprise on finding a young and beautiful girl asleep near the stove in their house. The noise the bandits made awoke Blanca Flor. "Don't be afraid, girl," said the robber-chief. "We won't harm you." The chief meant this. The highwaymen were kind-hearted and stole only from the rich to give to the poor. When Blanca Flor saw that the thieves were good and kind-hearted, she told them of her mother's cruelty. "You can stay here with us," said the robber-chief. "We alread know how cruel the queen is. But be careful, for if she finds out that you are alive, she will again try to kill you." Meanwhile, Juan had returned to the palace. There he showed the queen the blood-stained garments. Oh! the queen was so happy with this proof of Blanca Flor's death. She rewarded Juan lavishly. That night in her bedroom the queen consulted her magic mirror. "Magic mirror, who is the most beautiful woman in the world?" And the mirror answered, "Your daughter Blanca Flor." Pale with anger, the queen called the guards and ordered them to bring Juan immediately. "Juan," said the queen, "You have lied to me. Blanca Flor is alive." "But your majesty..." began Juan. Before he could continue, the queen launched herself on the poor man and stabbed him to death on the spot. That night the queen couldn't sleep, thinking of how she could find Blanca Flor and kill her. The following day the queen disguised herself as a peasant, altering her face with magic creams and so changing her looks that nobody recognized her. Then, in a cunningly carved silver coffer, she placed an enchanted golden necklace. Anyone who wore this necklace would immediately fall into a death-like sleep. The queen left the palace and soon came to the forest. She walked into the woods and at last arrived at the hut where Blanca Flor was living. The girl was alone in the hut when she heard a knock at the door. She looked out of the window and saw a sweet old lady. Thinking the old woman was harmless, she opened the door. "Child," said the old queen, "I wish you would be kind enough to give me a glass of water. I'm very tired and very thirsty." "Come in, Señora," answered Blanca Flor, and running into the kitchen she brought the glass of water. The queen drank the water, thanked Blanca Flor, and said: "Niña, I have to go now, but since you have been so kind, I am going to give you this golden necklace." "Thank you, Señora," said Blanca Flor, taking the necklace and placing it around her throat. As soon as Blanca Flor fastened the clasp, she fell to the floor as if dead. Leaving her daughter right where she had fallen, the evil queen fled back to her palace. That evening when the theives returned they found Blanca Flor seemingly dead. They did all they could to revive the girl, but all their attempts were useless. The bandits loved Blanca Flor so much that they decided to build a crystal coffin for her. This the robbers then placed in a cave that was near the hut so that they could go and see Blanca Flor every day. Time passed and one very rainy day a prince took refuge from the weather in the cave where Blanca Flor was lying. When the prince's servants lit torches, they saw Blanca Flor in her crystal coffin. Immediately the prince fell in love with her. He thought that the beautiful girl was dead, but ordered that the coffin be taken to his kingdom. There he built a beautiful chapel and in it placed Blanca Flor. One day the sexton in charge of Blaca Flor's chapel fell sick and another took his place. The new one liked to steal things, and seeing the magic necklace, he decided to take it. Very carefully the new sexton removed the necklace from Blanca Flor. A thunderclap was heard and she awoke. The sexton, terrified, ran out screaming. Hearing all this noise, the prince ran to the chapel, where he found Blanca Flor sitting in her coffin. The girl, when she saw the prince, fell in love with him. Blanca Flor told the prince all that happened to her. The prince then raised an army and went and punished Blanca Flor's mother. Then Blanca Flor and the prince were married and lived happily ever after. |
NOTES FOR BLANCA FLOR
With but a few variations "Blanca Flor" is the story of Snow White. A. M. Espinosa reports thirty-eight versions in Spain, two of which he reported in his Cuentos Populares Españoles, tales 115 and 116. Stith Thompson reports that the story of Snow White has not been found in the Americas except for one Portuguese version (The Folktale, pp. 124-125).
I have found three versions on the Mexican Border: one, "Blanca Flor"; two, a garbled story resembling the type of tale presented in "A Maiden Without Arms" more than Snow White; and three, a version of Grimm's tale. In this last it is possible that the oral tradition was materially influenced by literary treatment, since Chaucer uses the pursued maiden theme in his "Man of Lawes Tale" and Giambattista Basile has two versions in his Pentamerone, Day III, Tale 2, and Day III, tale 9.
The German version by Grimm (No. 53) which parallels Blanca Flor is as follows: The heroine, who is as white as snow and as red as blood, is banished through the jealousy of her stepmother when she learns from a magic speaking mirror that the beauty of the child is greater than her own. The cruel stepmother orders a hunter to kill Snow White, but he substitutes an animal heart and sets the heroine free. Snow White goes into the woods where dwarfs adopt her as a sister. The stepmother learns where the girl is by consulting her magic mirror and succeeds eventually in poisoning Snow White. In the german version and in other versions the cruel stepmother may employ a poisoned comb, a poisoned lace, blouse, jewelry, or other object to enchant Snow White, but the dwarfs succeed in reviving her from her preliminary sleeping. Finally, the stepmother triumphs in her designs by using a poisoned apple. The maiden is then placed by the grieving dwarfs in a glass coffin. A prince sees Snow White and orders his men to carry the coffin to the palace. In doing so, the men stumble and dislodge the apple, so that the spell is broken and Snow White revives. The maiden marries the prince and the stepmother is punished.
Bolte-Polivka's Hausmärchen der Brüder Grimm and Boklen's Sneewittchenstudien are the most extensive studies of the Snow White motif. Their model corresponds to Thompson motif E21.1. The tale in its different versions is essentially that of a maiden pursued by a jealous mother or other relative whose nefarious designs against the heroine are thwarted by a prince or king, the jealous relative eventually receiving her just deserts.
Relationship of "Blanca Flor" to tales of the same general type.
Similarities:
1. The jealous relative has a magic speaking mirror.
2. The jealous relative orders the heroine killed.
3. The agent entrusted to kill the heroine does not kill her.
4. The heroine is placed in a glass coffin after her enchantment.
5. A prince sees the heroine and falls in love with her.
6. An attendant of the prince breaks the spell under which the heroine sleeps.
7. The jealous relative is punished by the hero.
Differences:
1. "Blanca Flor" has a simpler introduction and omits the coloring white as snow and red as blood.
2. The mother, not the stepmother, is jealous of Blanca Flor.
3. Theives, not dwarfs, take care of Blanca Flor.
4. No preliminary attempt at enchanting Blanca Flor takes place.
5. A golden necklace is the means of enchanting Blanca Flor.
6. A religious element is introduced by taking the coffin to church and having a church attendant break the spell.
Comparative Classification
Aarne-Thompson: Type 709
A. M. Espinosa: Tale 115
Grimm: Tale 53
Narrator: Sra. Eva Rueda Fraire
Age: 62
Chihuahua, Chih., Mex.